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Controlling and observing nonseparability of phonons created in time-dependent 1D atomic Bose condensates
We study the spectrum and entanglement of phonons produced by temporal
changes in homogeneous one-dimensional atomic condensates. To characterize the
experimentally accessible changes, we first consider the dynamics of the
condensate when varying the radial trapping frequency, separately studying two
regimes: an adiabatic one and an oscillatory one. Working in momentum space, we
then show that in situ measurements of the density-density correlation function
can be used to assess the nonseparability of the phonon state after such
changes. We also study time-of-flight (TOF) measurements, paying particular
attention to the role played by the adiabaticity of opening the trap on the
nonseparability of the final state of atoms. In both cases, we emphasize that
commuting measurements can suffice to assess nonseparability. Some recent
observations are analyzed, and we make proposals for future experiments.Comment: 26 pages, 17 figure
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